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std::upper_bound

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C++
 
Algoritmo libreria
Funzioni
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Functions
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Non modifica le operazioni di sequenza
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Non-modifying sequence operations
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Modifica delle operazioni di sequenza
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Modifying sequence operations
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Partizionamento operazioni
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Partitioning operations
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Ordinamento delle operazioni (su intervalli ordinati)
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Sorting operations (on sorted ranges)
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Binarie (le operazioni di ricerca sui campi ordinati)
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Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
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lower_bound
upper_bound
Impostare le operazioni (su intervalli ordinati)
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Set operations (on sorted ranges)
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Heap operazioni
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Heap operations
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Minimo / massimo le operazioni
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Minimum/maximum operations
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Operazioni numeriche
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Numeric operations
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Libreria C
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C library
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Elemento definito nell'header <algorithm>
template< class ForwardIt, class T >
ForwardIt upper_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value );
 (1)
template< class ForwardIt, class T, class Compare >
ForwardIt upper_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value, Compare comp );
 (2)
Restituisce un iteratore che punta al primo elemento della [first, last) gamma che è superiore rispetto value. La prima versione utilizza operator< di confrontare gli elementi, la seconda versione utilizza la funzione di confronto dato comp.
Original:
Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the range [first, last) that is greater than value. The first version uses operator< to compare the elements, the second version uses the given comparison function comp.
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Indice

[modifica] Parametri

first, last -
la gamma di elementi da esaminare
Original:
the range of elements to examine
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value -
valore per confrontare gli elementi
Original:
value to compare the elements to
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comp - comparison function which returns ​true if the first argument is less than the second.

The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following:

 bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);

The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it.
The type Type1 must be such that an object of type T can be implicitly converted to Type1. The type Type2 must be such that an object of type ForwardIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type2. ​

Type requirements
-
ForwardIt must meet the requirements of ForwardIterator.

[modifica] Valore di ritorno

iteratore che punta al primo elemento che è superiore di value, o last se tale elemento non viene trovato.
Original:
iterator pointing to the first element that is greater than value, or last if no such element is found.
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[modifica] Possibile implementazione

First version 
template<class ForwardIt, class T>
ForwardIt upper_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
                            const T& value)
{
    ForwardIt it;
    std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::distance_type count, step;
    count = std::distance(first,last);
 
    while (count > 0) {
        it = first; 
        step = count / 2; 
        std::advance(it, step);
        if (!(value < *it)) {
            first = ++it;
            count -= step + 1;
        } else count = step;
    }
    return first;
}
Second version 
template<class ForwardIt, class T, class Compare>
ForwardIt upper_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
                            const T& value, Compare comp)
{
    ForwardIt it;
    std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::distance_type count, step;
    count = std::distance(first,last);
 
    while (count > 0) {
        it = first; 
        step = count / 2;
        std::advance(it, step);
        if (!comp(value, *it)),
            first = ++it;
            count -= step + 1
        } else count = step;
    }
    return first;
}

[modifica] Esempio

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> data = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6 };
 
    auto lower = std::lower_bound(data.begin(), data.end(), 4);
    auto upper = std::upper_bound(data.begin(), data.end(), 4);
 
    std::copy(lower, upper, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
}

Output: 

4 4 4

[modifica] Complessità

logaritmica della distanza tra first e last
Original:
logarithmic in the distance between first and last
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[modifica] Vedi anche
torna gamma di elementi che corrispondono un tasto specifico
Original:
returns range of elements matching a specific key
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(funzione di modello) [modifica]
restituisce un iteratore al primo elemento' non inferiore al valore dato
Original:
returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value
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(funzione di modello) [modifica]
Estratto da "https://it.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/algorithm/upper_bound&oldid=25001"